Barker, G.A
The mammalian soluble GSTs are so far divided into eight classes based on their amino acid sequences including: Alpha (), Kappa (), Mu (), Omega (), Pi (), Sigma (), Theta () and Zeta (), [11], [78], [64], [40]
[Google Scholar] 33.Urzica E.I., Casero D., Yamasaki H., Hsieh S.I., Adler L.N., Karpowicz S.J., Blaby-Haas C.E., Clarke S.G., Loo J
Gene expression of antioxidative enzymes in the human heart: increased expression of catalase in the end-stage failing heart
While their mechanisms of action are similar, topical acetyl hexapeptide-8 does demonstrate a lower efficacy than injected Botox, but as researchers note this is to be expected.22 Similar results were found in a small 2013 study, with the total anti-wrinkle efficacy of the Argireline treatment group being 48.9% compared to 0% in the placebo group.23 However, a more recent 2023 study investigating the effects of serum containing Argireline and hyaluronic acid found the results to be not statistically significant.24 This means that more research is needed before claims that Argireline is a true alternative to Botox can be confirmed or denied
